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  1. # pjax = pushState + ajax, Yii 2.0 fork with enhancements
  2. .--.
  3. / \
  4. ## a a
  5. ( '._)
  6. |'-- |
  7. _.\___/_ ___pjax___
  8. ."\> \Y/|<'. '._.-'
  9. / \ \_\/ / '-' /
  10. | --'\_/|/ | _/
  11. |___.-' | |`'`
  12. | | |
  13. | / './
  14. /__./` | |
  15. \ | |
  16. \ | |
  17. ; | |
  18. / | |
  19. jgs |___\_.\_
  20. `-"--'---'
  21. ## Introduction
  22. pjax is a jQuery plugin that uses ajax and pushState to deliver a fast browsing experience with real permalinks, page titles, and a working back button.
  23. pjax works by grabbing html from your server via ajax and replacing the content
  24. of a container on your page with the ajax'd html. It then updates the browser's
  25. current URL using pushState without reloading your page's layout or any
  26. resources (JS, CSS), giving the appearance of a fast, full page load. But really
  27. it's just ajax and pushState.
  28. For [browsers that don't support pushState][compat] pjax fully degrades.
  29. ## Overview
  30. pjax is not fully automatic. You'll need to setup and designate a containing element on your page that will be replaced when you navigate your site.
  31. Consider the following page.
  32. ``` html
  33. <!DOCTYPE html>
  34. <html>
  35. <head>
  36. <!-- styles, scripts, etc -->
  37. </head>
  38. <body>
  39. <h1>My Site</h1>
  40. <div class="container" id="pjax-container">
  41. Go to <a href="/page/2">next page</a>.
  42. </div>
  43. </body>
  44. </html>
  45. ```
  46. We want pjax to grab the URL `/page/2` then replace `#pjax-container` with
  47. whatever it gets back. No styles or scripts will be reloaded and even the `<h1>`
  48. can stay the same - we just want to change the `#pjax-container` element.
  49. We do this by telling pjax to listen on `a` tags and use `#pjax-container` as the target container:
  50. ``` javascript
  51. $(document).pjax('a', '#pjax-container')
  52. ```
  53. Now when someone in a pjax-compatible browser clicks "next page" the content of `#pjax-container` will be replaced with the body of `/page/2`.
  54. Magic! Almost. You still need to configure your server to look for pjax requests and send back pjax-specific content.
  55. The pjax ajax request sends an `X-PJAX` header so in this example (and in most cases) we want to return just the content of the page without any layout for any requests with that header.
  56. Here's what it might look like in Rails:
  57. ``` ruby
  58. def index
  59. if request.headers['X-PJAX']
  60. render :layout => false
  61. end
  62. end
  63. ```
  64. If you'd like a more automatic solution than pjax for Rails check out [Turbolinks][].
  65. Also check out [RailsCasts #294: Playing with PJAX][railscasts].
  66. ## Installation
  67. ### Yii 2.0
  68. There's no need to install library manually since it comes pre-installed with Yii 2.0.
  69. ### bower
  70. Via [Bower][]:
  71. ```
  72. $ bower install yii2-pjax
  73. ```
  74. Or, add `yii2-pjax` to your app's `bower.json`.
  75. ``` json
  76. "dependencies": {
  77. "yii2-pjax": "latest"
  78. }
  79. ```
  80. ### standalone
  81. pjax can be downloaded directly into your app's public directory - just be sure you've loaded jQuery first.
  82. ```
  83. curl -LO https://raw.github.com/yiisoft/jquery-pjax/master/jquery.pjax.js
  84. ```
  85. **WARNING** Do not hotlink the raw script url. GitHub is not a CDN.
  86. ## Dependencies
  87. Requires jQuery 1.8.x or higher.
  88. ## Compatibility
  89. pjax only works with [browsers that support the `history.pushState`
  90. API][compat]. When the API isn't supported pjax goes into fallback mode:
  91. `$.fn.pjax` calls will be a no-op and `$.pjax` will hard load the given URL.
  92. For debugging purposes, you can intentionally disable pjax even if the browser supports `pushState`. Just call `$.pjax.disable()`. To see if pjax is actually supports `pushState`, check `$.support.pjax`.
  93. ## Usage
  94. ### `$.fn.pjax`
  95. Let's talk more about the most basic way to get started:
  96. ``` javascript
  97. $(document).pjax('a', '#pjax-container')
  98. ```
  99. This will enable pjax on all links and designate the container as `#pjax-container`.
  100. If you are migrating an existing site you probably don't want to enable pjax everywhere just yet. Instead of using a global selector like `a` try annotating pjaxable links with `data-pjax`, then use `'a[data-pjax]'` as your selector.
  101. Or try this selector that matches any `<a data-pjax href=>` links inside a `<div data-pjax>` container.
  102. ``` javascript
  103. $(document).pjax('[data-pjax] a, a[data-pjax]', '#pjax-container')
  104. ```
  105. #### Arguments
  106. The synopsis for the `$.fn.pjax` function is:
  107. ``` javascript
  108. $(document).pjax(selector, [container], options)
  109. ```
  110. 1. `selector` is a string to be used for click [event delegation][$.fn.on].
  111. 2. `container` is a string selector that uniquely identifies the pjax container.
  112. 3. `options` is an object with keys described below.
  113. ##### pjax options
  114. key | default | description
  115. ----|---------|------------
  116. `timeout` | 650 | ajax timeout in milliseconds after which a full refresh is forced
  117. `push` | true | use [pushState][] to add a browser history entry upon navigation
  118. `replace` | false | replace URL without adding browser history entry
  119. `maxCacheLength` | 20 | maximum cache size for previous container contents
  120. `version` | | a string or function returning the current pjax version
  121. `scrollTo` | 0 | vertical position to scroll to after navigation. To avoid changing scroll position, pass `false`.
  122. `type` | `"GET"` | see [$.ajax][]
  123. `dataType` | `"html"` | see [$.ajax][]
  124. `container` | | CSS selector for the element where content should be replaced
  125. `url` | link.href | a string or function that returns the URL for the ajax request
  126. `target` | link | eventually the `relatedTarget` value for [pjax events](#events)
  127. `fragment` | | CSS selector for the fragment to extract from ajax response
  128. `pushRedirect` | false | whether to add a browser history entry upon redirect
  129. `replaceRedirect` | true | whether to replace URL without adding a browser history entry upon redirect
  130. `skipOuterContainers` | false | When pjax containers are nested and this option is true, the closest pjax block will handle the event. Otherwise, the top container will handle the event
  131. `ieRedirectCompatibility` | true | Whether to add `X-Ie-Redirect-Compatibility` header for the request on IE. Fixes IE error on 302 redirect without `Location` header
  132. You can change the defaults globally by writing to the `$.pjax.defaults` object:
  133. ``` javascript
  134. $.pjax.defaults.timeout = 1200
  135. ```
  136. ### `$.pjax.click`
  137. This is a lower level function used by `$.fn.pjax` itself. It allows you to get a little more control over the pjax event handling.
  138. This example uses the current click context to set an ancestor as the container:
  139. ``` javascript
  140. if ($.support.pjax) {
  141. $(document).on('click', 'a[data-pjax]', function(event) {
  142. var container = $(this).closest('[data-pjax-container]')
  143. $.pjax.click(event, {container: container})
  144. })
  145. }
  146. ```
  147. **NOTE** Use the explicit `$.support.pjax` guard. We aren't using `$.fn.pjax` so we should avoid binding this event handler unless the browser is actually going to use pjax.
  148. ### `$.pjax.submit`
  149. Submits a form via pjax.
  150. ``` javascript
  151. $(document).on('submit', 'form[data-pjax]', function(event) {
  152. $.pjax.submit(event, '#pjax-container')
  153. })
  154. ```
  155. ### `$.pjax.reload`
  156. Initiates a request for the current URL to the server using pjax mechanism and replaces the container with the response. Does not add a browser history entry.
  157. ``` javascript
  158. $.pjax.reload('#pjax-container', options)
  159. ```
  160. ### `$.pjax`
  161. Manual pjax invocation. Used mainly when you want to start a pjax request in a handler that didn't originate from a click. If you can get access to a click `event`, consider `$.pjax.click(event)` instead.
  162. ``` javascript
  163. function applyFilters() {
  164. var url = urlForFilters()
  165. $.pjax({url: url, container: '#pjax-container'})
  166. }
  167. ```
  168. ### Events
  169. All pjax events except `pjax:click` & `pjax:clicked` are fired from the pjax
  170. container, not the link that was clicked.
  171. <table>
  172. <tr>
  173. <th>event</th>
  174. <th>cancel</th>
  175. <th>arguments</th>
  176. <th>notes</th>
  177. </tr>
  178. <tr>
  179. <th colspan=4>event lifecycle upon following a pjaxed link</th>
  180. </tr>
  181. <tr>
  182. <td><code>pjax:click</code></td>
  183. <td>✔︎</td>
  184. <td><code>options</code></td>
  185. <td>fires from a link that got activated; cancel to prevent pjax</td>
  186. </tr>
  187. <tr>
  188. <td><code>pjax:beforeSend</code></td>
  189. <td>✔︎</td>
  190. <td><code>xhr, options</code></td>
  191. <td>can set XHR headers</td>
  192. </tr>
  193. <tr>
  194. <td><code>pjax:start</code></td>
  195. <td></td>
  196. <td><code>xhr, options</code></td>
  197. <td></td>
  198. </tr>
  199. <tr>
  200. <td><code>pjax:send</code></td>
  201. <td></td>
  202. <td><code>xhr, options</code></td>
  203. <td></td>
  204. </tr>
  205. <tr>
  206. <td><code>pjax:clicked</code></td>
  207. <td></td>
  208. <td><code>options</code></td>
  209. <td>fires after pjax has started from a link that got clicked</td>
  210. </tr>
  211. <tr>
  212. <td><code>pjax:beforeReplace</code></td>
  213. <td></td>
  214. <td><code>contents, options</code></td>
  215. <td>before replacing HTML with content loaded from the server</td>
  216. </tr>
  217. <tr>
  218. <td><code>pjax:success</code></td>
  219. <td></td>
  220. <td><code>data, status, xhr, options</code></td>
  221. <td>after replacing HTML content loaded from the server</td>
  222. </tr>
  223. <tr>
  224. <td><code>pjax:timeout</code></td>
  225. <td>✔︎</td>
  226. <td><code>xhr, options</code></td>
  227. <td>fires after <code>options.timeout</code>; will hard refresh unless canceled</td>
  228. </tr>
  229. <tr>
  230. <td><code>pjax:error</code></td>
  231. <td>✔︎</td>
  232. <td><code>xhr, textStatus, error, options</code></td>
  233. <td>on ajax error; will hard refresh unless canceled</td>
  234. </tr>
  235. <tr>
  236. <td><code>pjax:complete</code></td>
  237. <td></td>
  238. <td><code>xhr, textStatus, options</code></td>
  239. <td>always fires after ajax, regardless of result</td>
  240. </tr>
  241. <tr>
  242. <td><code>pjax:end</code></td>
  243. <td></td>
  244. <td><code>xhr, options</code></td>
  245. <td></td>
  246. </tr>
  247. <tr>
  248. <th colspan=4>event lifecycle on browser Back/Forward navigation</th>
  249. </tr>
  250. <tr>
  251. <td><code>pjax:popstate</code></td>
  252. <td></td>
  253. <td></td>
  254. <td>event <code>direction</code> property: &quot;back&quot;/&quot;forward&quot;</td>
  255. </tr>
  256. <tr>
  257. <td><code>pjax:start</code></td>
  258. <td></td>
  259. <td><code>null, options</code></td>
  260. <td>before replacing content</td>
  261. </tr>
  262. <tr>
  263. <td><code>pjax:beforeReplace</code></td>
  264. <td></td>
  265. <td><code>contents, options</code></td>
  266. <td>right before replacing HTML with content from cache</td>
  267. </tr>
  268. <tr>
  269. <td><code>pjax:end</code></td>
  270. <td></td>
  271. <td><code>null, options</code></td>
  272. <td>after replacing content</td>
  273. </tr>
  274. </table>
  275. `pjax:send` & `pjax:complete` are a good pair of events to use if you are implementing a
  276. loading indicator. They'll only be triggered if an actual XHR request is made,
  277. not if the content is loaded from cache:
  278. ``` javascript
  279. $(document).on('pjax:send', function() {
  280. $('#loading').show()
  281. })
  282. $(document).on('pjax:complete', function() {
  283. $('#loading').hide()
  284. })
  285. ```
  286. An example of canceling a `pjax:timeout` event would be to disable the fallback
  287. timeout behavior if a spinner is being shown:
  288. ``` javascript
  289. $(document).on('pjax:timeout', function(event) {
  290. // Prevent default timeout redirection behavior
  291. event.preventDefault()
  292. })
  293. ```
  294. ### Server side
  295. Server configuration will vary between languages and frameworks. The following example shows how you might configure Rails.
  296. ``` ruby
  297. def index
  298. if request.headers['X-PJAX']
  299. render :layout => false
  300. end
  301. end
  302. ```
  303. An `X-PJAX` request header is set to differentiate a pjax request from normal XHR requests. In this case, if the request is pjax, we skip the layout html and just render the inner contents of the container.
  304. [Check if there is a pjax plugin][plugins] for your favorite server framework.
  305. #### Response types that force a reload
  306. By default, pjax will force a full reload of the page if it receives one of the
  307. following responses from the server:
  308. * Page content that includes `<html>` when `fragment` selector wasn't explicitly
  309. configured. Pjax presumes that the server's response hasn't been properly
  310. configured for pjax. If `fragment` pjax option is given, pjax will simply
  311. extract the content to insert into the DOM based on that selector.
  312. * Page content that is blank. Pjax assumes that the server is unable to deliver
  313. proper pjax contents.
  314. * HTTP response code that is 4xx or 5xx, indicating some server error.
  315. #### Affecting the browser URL
  316. If the server needs to affect the URL which will appear in the browser URL after
  317. pjax navigation (like HTTP redirects work for normal requests), it can set the
  318. `X-PJAX-URL` header:
  319. ``` ruby
  320. def index
  321. request.headers['X-PJAX-URL'] = "http://example.com/hello"
  322. end
  323. ```
  324. #### Layout Reloading
  325. Layouts can be forced to do a hard reload when assets or html changes.
  326. First set the initial layout version in your header with a custom meta tag.
  327. ``` html
  328. <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="v123">
  329. ```
  330. Then from the server side, set the `X-PJAX-Version` header to the same.
  331. ``` ruby
  332. if request.headers['X-PJAX']
  333. response.headers['X-PJAX-Version'] = "v123"
  334. end
  335. ```
  336. Deploying a deploy, bumping the version constant to force clients to do a full reload the next request getting the new layout and assets.
  337. [compat]: http://caniuse.com/#search=pushstate
  338. [$.fn.on]: http://api.jquery.com/on/
  339. [$.ajax]: http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax/
  340. [pushState]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/API/DOM/Manipulating_the_browser_history#Adding_and_modifying_history_entries
  341. [plugins]: https://gist.github.com/4283721
  342. [turbolinks]: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
  343. [railscasts]: http://railscasts.com/episodes/294-playing-with-pjax
  344. [bower]: https://github.com/twitter/bower